p { font-size:14px_!important; text-align:justify; line-height:_19px; margin-bottom:_10px_!important; } IPR_Policy_of_the_University Fast_Track_Application_template SOP_for_filing_the_IP Factsheet,_IPM_Cell Innovation_President's_Award_2018_to_JNU Introduction Evolution,_a_process_by_which_the_human_society_developed_and_progressed,_is_achieved_by_human_intellect_and_creativity._It_is_through_this_intellectual_creativity_that_man_advanced_from_Stone_Age_to_Industrialized_and_Hi-Tech_society._Ideas_and_knowledge_became_an_important_and_indispensible_part_of_trade,_development_and_progress._Intellectual_power_of_homo-sapiens_discovered_new_medicinal_herbs_and_medicines,_technological_developments_through_inventions_were_made_possible,_historical_literary_works_came_into_being_by_the_poetic,_creative_minds._But_a_time_came_during_these_phases_of_development_where_the_intellectuals_in_almost_every_field_including_–_science,_literature,_etc.,_stopped_sharing_their_knowledge_related_to_their_creations,_inventions_and_knowledge,_etc._and_restricted_such_knowledge_to_a_few,_making_trade_secrets_rule_the_market._This_was_basically_due_to_the_reason_that_the_discoveries,_researches,_innovative_ideas,_creations,_etc._for_which_the_owner_had_put_so_much_of_efforts,_financial_investments_and_time_during_this_phase_were_always_at_a_risk_of_being_stolen,_used_without_the_owners’_prior_knowledge_or_permission_and_no_benefits_to_the_owner._This_situation_led_to_stagnation_in_markets_and_slowing_down_of_development_process._The_need_of_a_protective_law_in_this_regard_became_a_pressing_issue._Acknowledging_the_need_the_international_institutions_brought_into_existence_various_Conventions_and_Treaties_which_incorporated_the_basic_Intellectual_Property_Laws._Such_laws_after_modifications_were_accepted_by_the_countries_around_the_world_slowly_and_gradually. Purpose The_Intellectual_Property_Rights_Laws_broadened_the_concept_of_‘property’._Prior_to_the_enactment_of_Intellectual_Property_laws,_‘property’_was_defined_to_mean_only_the_movable_and_immovable_PHYSICAL_objects._It_was_an_era_where_the_main_concern_was_layed_on_the_possession_and_ownership_of_TANGIBLE_articles. With_the_passage_of_time_as_the_human_civilization_entered_the_era_of_INDUSTRIALIZATION_where_industrial_development_accelerated_and_the_importance_of_new_innovative_ideas_was_felt_and_acknowledged._In_such_an_era_when_the_inventors,_creators_and_the_intellectual_minds_with_a_fear_of_their_work_being_stolen_and_misused_started_restricting_their_knowledge_to_a_few_trusted_and_close_and_with_the_increasing_disputes_regarding_the_possession,_ownership,_rights_and_obligations_related_to_INTANGIBLE_articles_an_expansion_in_the_definition_of_the_term_‘property’_introduced_under_Intellectual_Property_Laws_was_welcomed,_as_the_said_definition_included_INTANGIBLE_ASSETS_such_as_ideas_as_well_as_their_expression_as_property._Hence,_with_the_help_of_IP_Laws_the_INTANGIBLE_ASSETS_which_are_formed_with_a_lot_of_efforts_by_someone_came_under_the_protective_framework_of_law. How_IP_Laws_help? Intellectual_Property_Rights_bestows_rights_to_owners_and_creators_for_their_intellectual_creativity._Broadly_speaking_the_IP_Laws_bequeaths_such_rights_on_the_creator_or_owner_only_when_the_Intellectual_Property_is_innovative,_novel,_distinctive_and/or_industrially_applicable._It_should_be_kept_in_mind_that_the_protection_for_Intellectual_Property_Rights_granted_by_any_particular_country_under_their_IP_Law_is_country_centric,_that_is_to_say,_a_creator_has_to_apply_for_protection_in_each_country_(s)he_wishes_to_get_such_protection._Such_rights_are_conferred_to_facilitate_advancement_and_reward_originality_by_offering_exclusionary_rights_to_the_creator_or_inventor_against_any_misappropriation_or_use_of_work_without_his/her_prior_knowledge,_though_to_maintain_an_equilibrium,_the_law_grants_such_rights_for_limited_duration_of_time._To_put_it_in_other_words_intellectual_property_rights_protects_individuals’_intangible_assets_by_protecting_privileges_attached_to_such_creations_which_rightfully _is_owned_by_the_creator_or_owner_and_simultaneously_encourages_and_motivates_for_Research_and_Development_as_well_as_it_secures_credibility_in_commercial_transactions_by_assuring_authentication_of_products._The_IP_Laws_endow_creator_or_the_owner_with_the_exclusionary_rights_of_using_it_as_(s)he_wishes_with_the_exclusion_of_others._The_creator_can_rent,_sell,_assign,_modify_or_use_his/her_creation_in_whatever_manner_they_wish_to. Types The_bundle_of_exclusionary_rights_which_form_a_part_of_IPR_can_be_further_categorized_as_under_mentioned: 1. Patent_– A_patent_is_an_exclusionary_right_granted_by_the_Government_for_an_invention_to_an_inventor_in_exchange_for_full_disclosure_of_the_invention._Prerequisites_for_an_invention_to_be_patented_are_–_it_should_be_new,_non-obvious_and_industrially_applicable._For_obtaining_a_patent,_the_owner_has_to_file_an_application_along_with_full_disclosure_of_invention_in_the_patent_office_along_with_the_patent_fees._On_receiving_such_an_application_the_patent_office_conducts_searches_to_ascertain_the_prerequisites._Thereafter_the_patent_office_publishes_the_application_and_conducts_in-depth_examination._It_further_looks_into_the_matter_if_any_objections_are_raised_to_the_application_and_finally_after_it_is_convinced_it_grants_the_patent. 2. Copyright_and_Related_ (Neighbouring)_Rights- Copyright_and_related_rights_are_basically_rights_bequeathed_by_law_to_the_creators_of_literary,_dramatic,_musical_and_artistic_works_and_producers_of_cinematographic_films_and_sound_recordings._It_is_a_bundle_of_rights_including_rights_of_reproduction,_communication_to_the_public,_adaptation_and_translation_of_the_work._In_general,_registration_is_voluntary._This_is_so_because_under_the_Indian_law,_registration_of_the_copyright_or_related_work_is_not_required_either_for_acquiring_a_copyright_or_for_enforcing_it_in_an_infringement_action._However,_registration_has_evidentiary_value_in_a_court_of_law._The_procedure_for_filing_and_prosecuting_copyright_application_would_include_the_steps_of_filing_an_application_for_copyright_accompanied_by_four_copies_of_the_work_along_with_the_prescribed_fee_at_Copyright_Office,_where_a_filing_number_and_filling_date_is_provided_and_a_filing_receipt_is_issued._Thereafter,_the_application_is_examined,_defects_are_communicated_to_the_applicant_and_once_the_application_is_found_to_be_in_order_it_is_accepted_and_the_Copyright_Office_issues_the_registration_certificate. 3. Trademark/Service_marks_– A_trademark_is_a_word,_phrase,_symbol_or_design,_or_a_combination_of_words,_phrases,_symbols_or_designs,_that_identifies_and_distinguishes_the_source_of_the_goods_of_one_party_from_those_of_others._Generally_when_the_term_trademark_is_used,_it_includes_the_term_service_marks._A_service_mark_is_the_same_as_a_trademark,_except_that_it_identifies_and_distinguishes_the_source_of_a_service_rather_than_a_product. In_India,_any_person_who_claims_to_be_the_trademark_proprietor_can_apply_for_the_trademark_registration_of_the_goods_and_services._For_registration,_the_application_can_be_filed_in_the_Trademark_Office,_in_whose_jurisdiction_the_principal_place_of_business_falls._If_the_principal_office_is_not_situated_in_India_then_the_applicant_can_file_the_application_in_whose_jurisdiction_the_lawyer_appointed_by_the_applicant_is_situated._In_case_of_a_company_which_is_yet_to_be_formed_then_anyone_can_apply_for_the_registration_on_the_behalf_of_the_company._In_India,_only_the_trademark_proprietor_whose_trademark_has_been_registered_can_put_the_symbol_A®_into_use. 4. Trade_Secrets_– Trade_Secret_points_towards_a_formula,_pattern,_any_instrument,_design_which_is_kept_confidential_and_through_which_any_business_or_trade_can_edge_over_its_rival_and_can_enjoy_economic_gains._Trade_secrets_can_be_anything_from_a_chemical_compound,_manufacturing_process,_to_designs_or_preserving_materials_or_even_list_of_consumers._It_is_also_known_as_‘Confidential_Information’_or_‘Classified_Information’._Certain_prerequisites_of_something_to_be_a_trade_secret_are_–_it_should_not_be_known_to_the_public;_it_provides_some_financial_sort_of_gain_to_its_holders;_it_involves_reasonable_efforts_from_the_holder_side_for_maintaining_secrecy; 5. Geographical_Indications_– A_geographical_indication_is_a_name_or_sign_used_on_certain_products_which_corresponds_to_a_specific_geographical_location_or_origin_(eg._a_town,_region,_or_country)._The_use_of_a_geographical_indication_may_act_as_a_certification_that_the_product_possesses_certain_qualities,_or_enjoys_a_certain_reputation,_due_to_its_geographical_origin. 6. Industrial_Designs- Industrial_design_is_an applied_art whereby_the aesthetics and usability of_mass-produced products may_be_improved_for_marketability_and production._The_role_of_an_Industrial_Designer_is_to_create_and_execute_design_solutions_towards_problems_of_form,_usability,_user_ergonomics,_engineering,_marketing,_brand_development_and_sales. 7. Integrated_Circuits_– An_integrated_circuit_(also_known_as_microcircuit,_microchip,_silicon_chip,_or_chip)_is_a_miniaturized electronic_circuit(consisting_mainly_of semiconductor_devices,_as_well_as passive_components)_that_has_been_manufactured_in_the_surface_of_a_thin substrate of semiconductor material. The_Intellectual_Property_Laws_also_provides_with_the_law_for_protection_against_Unfair_Competition._The_above_mentioned_types_are_just_a_few_Intellectual_Property_Rights,_the_law_protects_and_covers_all_other_rights_also_which_are_resulting_from_intellectual_activities_in_the_industrial,_scientific,_literary_or_artistic_fields. In_brief_a_list_of_the_works_which_are_included_as_intellectual_property_have_been_under_mentioned: (1)_Literary,_artistic_and_scientific_works; (2)_Performances_of_performing_artists,_phonograms_and_broadcasts; (3)_Inventions_in_all_fields_of_human_endeavour; (4)_Scientific_discoveries; (5)_Industrial_designs; (6)_Trademarks,_service_marks_and_commercial_names_and_designations_such_as Words_or_word_combinations,_Images,_figures,_etc.; (7) Protection_of_new_varieties_of_plants;_and (8)_All_other_works_resulting_from_intellectual_activities_in_the_industrial,_scientific,_literary_or_artistic_fields. Few_of_the_examples_of_works_which_would_not_be_included_as_intellectual_property_are: 1. Not_new_or_original; 2. mathematical_theories,_algorithms_or_mere_discovery_of_formula_or_scientific_principle_discovery_of_any_living_thing_or_non-living_substances_occurring_in_nature; 3. political_speeches; 4. court_decisions_and_legal_texts; 5. business_schemes; 6. anything_prohibited_by_the_national_law; 7. anything_against_morality; 8. anything_injurious_to_human,_animal_or_plant_life_and_health_or_to_the_environment; 9. the_use_of_a_work_which_could_be_likely_to_deceive_or_cause_confusion; 10. work_which_compromises_or_contains_any_scandalous_or_obscene_matter_or_any_matter_which_is_likely_to_hurt_the_religious_susceptibilities_of_any_class_or_section_of_the_citizen Who_can_apply An_application_can_be_filed_by_any_of_the_following_persons: By_any_person_claiming_to_be_the_true_and_first_creator_or_owner_of_the_intellectual_property; By _any_person_being_the_assignee_of_the_person_claiming_to_be_the_true_and_first_creator_or_owner_of_the_intellectual_property_in_respect_of_the_right_to_make_such_an_application;_or By_the_legal_representatives_of_the_deceased_person_who_immediately_before_his_death_was_entitled_to_make_such_an_application Conclusion The_IPR_regimes_have_set_a_stage_for_economic_integration_and_its_standardization._The_IPR_Laws_help_in_tuning_the_economy_of_the_country_with_the_changing_industrial_world,_to_strengthen_its_position_in_trade_and_related_arenas._Moreover,_incorporation_of_such_IP_Laws_provides_a_protection_and_encouragement_to_the_creators_or_owners_for_researsh_and_development_and_also_a_satisfaction_to_the_consumers_that_the_product_purchased_are_worth_(authentic)_the_amount_paid. The_Indian_Government_has_established_statutory,_administrative_and_judicial_framework_for_protecting_the_intellectual_property_rights_in_the_Indian_territory. Sources 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_property 2. http://www.indianembassy.org/policy/ipr/ipr_2000.htm 3. http://iprindia.org/patent.htm 4. http://www.dipp.nic.in/ipr.htm 5. http://www.patentoffice.nic.in/ipr/patent/patents.htm
